防蟲網(wǎng)形似窗紗，具有抗拉強度大，抗紫外線、抗熱、耐水、耐腐蝕、耐老化等性能，無毒無味，使用壽命一般為4~6年，最高可達10年。它既有遮陽網(wǎng)的優(yōu)點，又克服了遮陽網(wǎng)的不足之處，值得大力推廣。
防蟲網(wǎng)的作用
1
防霜凍
果樹幼果期和果實成熟期處于低溫時節(jié)，易造成冷害或凍害。采用防蟲網(wǎng)覆蓋，既有利于提升網(wǎng)內(nèi)溫濕度，又利用防蟲網(wǎng)的隔離防止果面結(jié)霜受傷，對預防枇杷幼果期的霜害和柑橘果實成熟期的冷害有十分明顯的效果。
2
防病蟲
果園和苗圃用防蟲網(wǎng)覆蓋后，由于阻隔了蚜蟲、木虱、吸果夜蛾、食心蟲、果蠅類等多種水果害蟲的發(fā)生傳播途徑，從而達到防治這些害蟲的目的，尤其是可控制蚜蟲、木虱等傳毒媒介昆蟲的為害，對防控柑橘黃龍病、衰退病等病害的蔓延傳播，以及防治火龍果、藍莓果蠅類等發(fā)揮重要作用。
3
防落果
果實成熟期正值夏季多暴雨天氣，如選用防蟲網(wǎng)覆蓋，對減輕果實成熟期因暴雨引發(fā)的落果，尤其火龍果、藍莓、楊梅果實成熟期遭遇多雨水年份，對減少其落果作用更為明顯。
4
改善溫度和光照
覆蓋防蟲網(wǎng)具有減少光照強度、調(diào)節(jié)土壤溫度及空氣溫濕度等作用，同時可以減少網(wǎng)室內(nèi)的降水量，降低網(wǎng)室內(nèi)的水分蒸發(fā)量，減少葉片的蒸騰作用。覆蓋防蟲網(wǎng)后，空氣相對濕度均大于對照，其中雨天濕度最高，但差值最小，增幅最低。網(wǎng)室內(nèi)的相對濕度提高后，可以減少果樹像柑橘葉片的蒸騰作用。水分通過降水和空氣相對濕度影響果實品質(zhì)發(fā)育，更有利于果實生長發(fā)育時，果實品質(zhì)佳。
應用范圍
1
葉菜防蟲網(wǎng)覆蓋栽培
葉菜是城鄉(xiāng)居民夏秋季喜食用的蔬菜，具有生長快，周期短的特點，但露地生產(chǎn)蟲害多，農(nóng)藥污染嚴重，市民不敢食用。提醒您使用防蟲網(wǎng)覆蓋栽培可大大減少農(nóng)藥污染。
2
瓜果類防蟲網(wǎng)覆蓋栽培
瓜果夏秋季易發(fā)生病毒病，應用防蟲網(wǎng)后，切斷了蚜蟲傳毒途徑，減輕病毒病的危害。
3
育苗
每年的6~8月，是秋冬季蔬菜的育苗季節(jié)，又是高濕、暴雨、蟲害頻發(fā)期，育苗難度大。使用防蟲網(wǎng)后蔬菜出苗率高、成苗率高、秧苗素質(zhì)好，從而贏得秋冬作物生產(chǎn)的主動權。
防蟲網(wǎng)果樹上覆蓋方式
1
棚式
首先建成棚架，棚架間用卡槽扣緊，把防蟲網(wǎng)覆蓋在棚架上，地面四周用水泥等壓實，大棚正面留門。
2
罩式
直接把防蟲網(wǎng)覆蓋在果樹上，用竹竿支撐，可以單株也可以選擇多株同時覆蓋，操作簡便，減少支出，但是會造成田間操作管理不便，主要適合短期的、季節(jié)性防霜凍、防暴雨、防鳥害等，如果實成熟期防霜凍及防果蠅和鳥類為害等。
使用要點
防蟲網(wǎng)使用較為簡便，但應注意以下幾點。
1
必須全期覆蓋
防蟲網(wǎng)遮光。但又遮光不多，不需日蓋夜揭或前蓋后揭。應作全程覆蓋。兩邊用磚或土壓嚴實。不給害蟲入侵機會，才能達到滿意的防蟲效果。一般風力情況下可用壓網(wǎng)線。如遇5~6級大風，需拉上壓網(wǎng)線，以防止大風將網(wǎng)掀開。
2
選擇適宜的規(guī)格
防蟲網(wǎng)的規(guī)格主要包括幅寬、孔徑、顏色等內(nèi)容。尤其是孔徑，防蟲網(wǎng)目數(shù)過少，網(wǎng)眼大，起不到應有的防蟲效果。目數(shù)過多，過網(wǎng)眼小，雖防蟲，但通風不良，導致溫度偏高，遮光過多，則不利于作物生長。一般宜選用22~24目的防蟲網(wǎng)。春秋季節(jié)和夏季相比，溫度較低，光照較弱，宜選用白色防蟲網(wǎng)；夏季為了兼顧遮陽、降溫，宜選用黑色或銀灰色防蟲網(wǎng)；在蚜蟲和病毒病發(fā)生嚴重的地區(qū)，為了驅(qū)避蚜蟲、預防病毒病，宜選用銀灰色防蟲網(wǎng)。
3
綜合配套措施
除防蟲網(wǎng)覆蓋外，再結(jié)合抗病蟲良種、耐熱良種、無公害有機肥、生物農(nóng)藥、無污染水源、微噴微灌等綜合配套措施，就可以獲得更佳的效果。
4
滅蟲處理
種子、土壤、塑料棚或溫室骨架、架材等都有可能帶有害蟲和蟲卵。在防蟲網(wǎng)覆蓋后至種植作物前，一定要對種子、土壤、棚室骨架、架材等進行滅蟲處理，這是確保防蟲網(wǎng)覆蓋栽培效果的關鍵環(huán)節(jié)，防止病蟲害在網(wǎng)室內(nèi)大量發(fā)生，造成嚴重損害。還有些農(nóng)戶選擇噻蟲嗪（阿克泰）+嘧菌酯（阿米西達）+嘉美紅利1000倍液淋根灌根，對預防刺吸式口器害蟲爆發(fā)也起到了很好的效果。
5
選擇品種
選擇適宜在網(wǎng)室內(nèi)種植的品種，種植過程中要注意行間距及株間距，適當稀植。果樹覆蓋遮陽網(wǎng)，土壤要深耕，施入的基肥量如腐熟的農(nóng)家肥、復合肥要充足。
6
妥善使用、保管
防蟲網(wǎng)田間使用結(jié)束后，應及時收下，洗凈、吹干、卷好，以延長使用壽命。
The insect proof net is shaped like a window screen.It has high tensile strength,UV resistance,heat resistance,water resistance,corrosion resistance and aging resistance.It is non-toxic and tasteless.Its service life is generally 4-6 years,up to 10 years.It not only has the advantages of the sunshade net,but also overcomes the shortcomings of the sunshade net,so it is worth popularizing.
One
Frost prevention
The young fruit stage and fruit maturity stage of fruit trees are in the low temperature season,which is easy to cause chilling injury or freezing injury.The results showed that the application of insect proof net not only improved the temperature and humidity in the net,but also prevented the frost injury on the fruit surface by using the insect proof net,which had a very obvious effect on the prevention of frost damage in the young fruit stage of loquat and the cold injury in the mature stage of citrus fruit.
Two
Pest control
After the orchard and nursery are covered with insect proof nets,the occurrence and transmission routes of aphids,Psylla,Spodoptera,fruit flies and other fruit pests are blocked,so as to achieve the purpose of controlling these pests,especially to control the damage of aphids,wood lice and other vector insects,to prevent and control the spread of Citrus Huanglongbing disease,recession disease and other diseases,and to control pitaya,pitaya,etc Blueberry and Drosophila play an important role.
Three
Fruit drop prevention
The fruit ripening period is in the summer with heavy rain.If the insect proof net is used,it can reduce the fruit drop caused by rainstorm during the fruit ripening period,especially in the rainy years when pitaya,blueberry and bayberry fruit are in the rainy year.
Four
Improve temperature and light
Covering insect proof net can reduce light intensity,adjust soil temperature and air temperature and humidity,reduce precipitation,water evaporation and transpiration of leaves.The results showed that the relative humidity of air was higher than that of the control,and the humidity in rainy days was the highest,but the difference was the smallest,and the increase rate was the lowest.When the relative humidity in the net room was increased,the transpiration of fruit trees like citrus leaves could be reduced.Water affected fruit quality development through precipitation and air relative humidity,which was more conducive to fruit growth and development,and the fruit quality was better.
Scope of application
One
Cultivation of leafy vegetables covered with insect proof net
Leafy vegetables are the favorite vegetables for urban and rural residents in summer and autumn,which have the characteristics of fast growth and short cycle.However,there are many pests and serious pesticide pollution in open field production,so people dare not eat them.We remind you that the use of insect net covering cultivation can greatly reduce pesticide pollution.
Two
Cultivation of melons and fruits covered with insect proof net
In summer and autumn,virus diseases are easy to occur in fruits and melons.After the application of insect prevention net,the transmission route of aphids is cut off to reduce the harm of virus diseases.
Three
grow seedlings
From June to August every year,it is the growing season of autumn and winter vegetables.It is also the period of high humidity,rainstorm and frequent occurrence of pests,so it is difficult to raise seedlings.The results showed that the emergence rate of vegetables was high,the seedling rate was high,and the seedling quality was good after using the pest control net,so as to win the initiative of autumn and winter crop production.
Covering methods of insect proof net on fruit trees
One
Shed type
First of all,the scaffolding is built.The scaffolds are fastened with a slot.The insect proof net is covered on the trellis.The ground is compacted with cement and other materials.The front of the shed is left with a door.
Two
Hood style
It is easy to operate and reduce expenses,but it will cause inconvenience in field operation and management.It is mainly suitable for short-term,seasonal frost prevention,rainstorm prevention,bird damage prevention,etc.,if the mature stage frost prevention,fruit fly and bird damage are prevented.
Key points of use
However,the following points should be paid attention to.
One
It must be covered all the time
Insect proof net for shading.However,it does not need to cover day and night or cover before and after.It should cover the whole process.Both sides are compacted with brick or soil.If the pest is not allowed to invade,the satisfactory control effect can be achieved.In general,the pressure wire can be used in wind condition.In case of 5~6 strong wind,it is necessary to pull up the wire to prevent the net from being lifted by the strong wind.
Two
Choose the right size
The specifications of insect proof net mainly include width,aperture and color.In particular,the aperture of the net is too small and the mesh is too large,which can not play its due effect.If the mesh number is too much and the mesh is too small,it can prevent insects,but the ventilation is not good,resulting in high temperature and excessive shading,which is not conducive to the growth of crops.Generally,22-24 mesh insect net should be selected.In spring and autumn,compared with summer,the temperature is lower and the light is weaker,so white insect net should be selected;in summer,black or silver gray insect prevention net should be selected to give consideration to shading and cooling;in areas where aphids and virus diseases occur seriously,silver grey insect prevention net should be used in order to drive away aphids and prevent virus diseases.
(network map)
Three
Comprehensive supporting measures
In addition to the coverage of insect prevention net,combined with the comprehensive supporting measures such as disease resistant and insect resistant varieties,heat-resistant varieties,pollution-free organic fertilizer,biological pesticides,pollution-free water source,micro spray micro irrigation and other comprehensive supporting measures can achieve better results.
Four
Pest control
The seeds,soil,plastic shed or greenhouse skeleton and frame materials may contain pests and eggs.After covering with insect proof net and before planting crops,it is necessary to carry out pest control treatment on seeds,soil,shed framework and frame materials,which is the key link to ensure the cultivation effect of insect proof net covering,so as to prevent a large number of diseases and insect pests from occurring in the net room and causing serious damage.In addition,some farmers choose thiamethoxam(actay)+azoxystrobin(amicida)+Jiamei bonus 1000 times liquid to drench the roots,which also has a good effect on preventing the outbreak of piercing sucking mouthparts pests.
Five
